Decirle “NO” al matrimonio infantil
01 Feb 2019

Cada día, decenas de miles de niñas se convierten en niñas casadas. El matrimonio infantil viola sus derechos, pone en peligro su salud y torna incierto su futuro. Pero cuando las niñas son empoderadas para luchar, para negarse o escapar del matrimonio infantil, no hay límites para sus aspiraciones. Este Día de San Valentín veremos qué sucede cuando las niñas dicen "NO".

Este Día de San Valentín veremos qué sucede cuando las niñas dicen "No" al matrimonio infantil
Globally, one in every five girls is married off before age 18.
But girls like Kakenya Ntaiya are rejecting this practice. “I grew up in rural Kenya. The traditional way of life for girls was to undergo female genital mutilation in preparation for marriage at a young age,” she told UNFPA. “I escaped child marriage and fought for my education.” She went on to establish Kakenya's Dream, a nonprofit organization that uses education to empower girls and transform rural communities.
Image courtesy of Kakenya’s Dream
Child brides often drop out of school. But educating girls can break the cycle of poverty.
In Iraq, Elaf had two teenage sisters drop out of school after marrying. “Both sisters wish they had not married at an early age,” she said. “My dream was being a pharmacist, so when my father decided that I should get married at age 15, I refused.” Now 26, Elaf is a pharmacy student.
Image courtesy of IHAO
Young brides often become pregnant while still adolescents. And unmarried girls who find themselves pregnant are often pressured to marry.
This was Poni Helen’s experience in South Sudan. “My parents wanted me to marry when I got pregnant at 16. I defied them because I wanted to finish school. But they did not support me, so I worked and sent myself to school. Now, I am 23 and taking up law while raising my six-year-old son.”
© UNFPA South Sudan/Arlene Alano
Adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications. Having one’s dreams shattered takes a toll, too.
“My mother got married quite early in life, and though she completed her higher education she was not permitted to work after marriage,” said Farah Faizah in Bangladesh. “This left a lasting impact on her mental and physical well-being.” Today, Ms. Faizah works for the United Nations. “If I was married early, I don’t think I could have gotten the same opportunities.”
©UNFPA/ Asma Akter
Yet families often resort to child marriage because they see it as a girl’s only option – a belief fuelled by poverty, insecurity and gender inequality.
“In my home town, many girls are forced into early marriage. Their parents tend to think that girls have no future if they do not marry,” Hayat Outemma told UNFPA in Morocco. “I am very lucky I could finish school. I am now a teacher and a social activist, working to change mindsets about girls’ education and child marriage.”
Image courtesy of Hayat Outemma
The girls involved in these marriages are extremely vulnerable. They may be exposed to violence, and are often unable to advocate for their needs and rights.
“At age 15, I dropped out of school to get married to an army sergeant who was 20 years older than me,” said Chipasha, now a girls’ advocate in Zambia. “My husband abused me... even when I was pregnant with his child.” But then she began visiting a safe space supported by the UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to End Child Marriage. “With the help of our mentor, I finally moved out of my abusive marriage, together with my baby.”
© VandVictors
Child marriages take place all over the world, across a wide range of communities and religions.
Jada, who was born and raised in the United States, was threatened with forced child marriage at the age of 12. She sought help from the rights group the Tahirih Justice Center, and found safety in the home of a relative. “I have accomplished amazing things not having married early,” said Jada, now 17. “I followed my dreams of being a dancer.”
Image courtesy of Jada Martinez
But when girls know their rights, they can stand up for themselves.
In Georgia, Chinara Kojaeva’s parents tried to marry her off at age 15. “I contacted police, and later my parents promised me they would allow me to receive an education and not marry me off until I turned 18.” But when she was 17, they again tried to force her to marry. She told authorities, and then moved into a shelter. There, she is attending classes and learning to paint and box. “I started new life here,” she said.
© UNFPA Georgia/Dina Oganova
The UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme is reaching millions of girls and community members with information and services to end child marriage.
“Growing up, I never realized that so many girls are denied education and forced to marry early. I was fortunate to get an education that opened doors for me,” said Marie-Claude Bibeau, Canada’s Minister of International Development. The Government of Canada is a major supporter of the Global Programme. “We must all work tirelessly to help girls and young women overcome barriers to their rights and development, so they can reach their full potential.”
Image courtesy of Global Affairs Canada
Still, child marriage is not declining fast enough. If efforts to end child marriage are not accelerated, over 150 million more girls will marry by 2030.
“Ninety per cent of my high school friends got married while being teenagers,” Roceli Dzib García told UNFPA in Mexico. “I have been able to continue my college education thanks to my mother’s support.”
© Walther Mezeta
For those who do escape child marriage, a lifetime of opportunity awaits.
“I’ve seen married young girls leading an unhappy life,” said Rukaiyah, in Indonesia. She endured years of ridicule when she refused to marry young. “I turned a deaf ear when friends mocked me, calling me ‘old virgin’.” Instead, she poured her energy into supporting women’s rights and building her own chip-making business. Today, she has a large staff and a happy family. “I believe that women need to be able to develop their talents and seize every opportunity for their future,” she said.
© Asrul Hamdi/LPSDM

Actualización

Zonta International trae consigo una comunidad mundial de mujeres profesionales a la lucha contra el matrimonio infanti

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El Programa Conjunto entre el FPNU-UNICEF para Acelerar la Acción y Terminar con el Matrimonio Infantil brinda diferentes servicios y apoyo a las adolescentes. También compromete a las comunidades a cambiar las normas sociales que perpetúan esta práctica a través de diferentes métodos y programas. ‘Los clubes de niñas están ayudando a erradicar el matrimonio infantil en mi distrito’, dice Merhawit Mezgebe © UNFPA Etiopía / Abraham Gelaw
1

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Nuzha tenía apenas seis años cuando su padre la obligó a hacer tareas domésticas para mantener a sus hermanos. "Fui responsable para alimentar a toda la familia", dijo al UNFPA. © UNFPA Marruecos
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No hay control ni consecuencias al acoso sexual en el sistema de transporte público de Sri Lanka, y esto tiene efectos de gran alcance en la educación, área laboral, y vida de las mujeres. © UNFPA Sri Lanka
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Violencia de género en entornos de emergencia humanitaria

Fecha de publicación

Dec 2014

Autor

UNFPA

Recursos

Violencia de género en entornos de emergencia humanitaria

1
16 CAMPEONES DEL ACTIVISMO CONTRA LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO
17 Nov 2018

Descubre a quienes luchan por los derechos de las mujeres en todo el mundo.

© UNFPA Peru/Priscilla Sánchez
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS
is one of the most prevalent human rights violations in the world. An estimated one in three women will experience physical or sexual abuse in her lifetime, undermining her health, security and dignity. Gender-based violence restricts women’s economic and political participation. It disrupts the well-being of communities. And it threatens the prosperity of nations. On the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence, meet 16 champions working to combat gender-based violence in their own countries, and their own ways.
© UNFPA Ukraine/Maks Levin
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TUNISIA
“Many people are focusing on the tip of the iceberg. They are mobilized only when violence is extreme. People do not know that violence starts with discrimination. For me, gender discrimination is a ‘disease’ related to social origins. The majority of men and women are ‘healthy carriers’. If we want to fight gender-based violence, we must first and foremost fight discriminatory stereotypes that are rooted in early childhood, and are difficult to counteract.” – Dr. Hela Ouennich, Medical Doctor & Advocate
© Ramy Khouili
2
PERU
“I aim to make our justice system more inclusive by strengthening its credibility and people’s trust in order to eradicate gender-based violence. But a common misconception about violence is that law by itself can solve this problem. If people do not internalize women’s social reality, if we do not visualize the great and multiple forms of violence that exist in our environment, we are not going to achieve great change. All citizens must be involved in fighting violence against women – from home, from the education system and from public organizations. It is time to deconstruct the stereotypes that sustain violence.” – Elvia Barrios Alvarado, Justice of Peace, Peru
© UNFPA Peru/Priscilla Sánchez
3
ECUADOR
“Gender-based violence against women with disabilities is prevalent, but we do not as a society acknowledge they exist, because to accept that would be to recognize social cruelty. Ignorance and prejudice about disabilities are barriers to actions that enforce traditional roles of gender and render ‘feminism’ a forbidden word. So far, feminism has not killed any men, but toxic masculinity does everyday.” – Paola Mera Zambrano, Technical Secretary of the National Counsel for Gender Equality, Ecuador
© Patricio Cifuentes
4
PALESTINE
“People tend to think that gender-based violence entails only physical abuse. But survivors often consider psychological abuse and humiliation more devastating than physical assault. If you are harmed, don’t stay silent. Ask for help from someone you trust. It is normal to feel guilty or ashamed – it is not your fault. You have the right to get help to make it stop. You do not have to manage this on your own.” – Mariam Shaqura, Women’s Affairs Director, Red Crescent Society for Gaza Strip
© UNFPA Palestine
5
VIETNAM
“The perception that perpetrators have the right to commit violent acts has normalized violence against women and girls. Violence is not part of a man’s nature. It is something that becomes fostered and tolerated. We must respect people’s rights to freedom and to dignity, starting with our simplest and smallest actions.” – Tran Thi Bich Loan, Deputy Director of the Gender Equality Department, Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs, Vietnam
© UNFPA Vietnam/Nguyen Thi Hong Thanh
6
INDONESIA
“In Indonesia, violence against women is considered taboo – not to be discussed openly. Some survivors are afraid of retaliation from perpetrators. Data is crucial in the effort to promote women’s rights: from raising public awareness to policy making and evaluation. Data allows us to capture the various types of violence, prevalence, perpetrators, locations and background of women who experience it first-hand.” – Sri Danti Anwar, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Indonesia
© UNFPA Indonesia/Maria Hulupi
7
TURKEY
“Many people are not aware of the different types of domestic violence, and they don’t know where to get support. People think that if a woman has a higher education or economic independence, she isn’t subjected to any form of violence. That is not true. I recommend that people learn the facts about domestic violence and share them everywhere.” – Sevda Alkan, Project Manager at Sabanci University Corporate Governance Forum
© Zeynep Temimhan
8
UKRAINE
“Inaction regarding domestic violence leads to exceptional responsibility. If you are a state official or a citizen, do not be indifferent. Cooperate with the government, join forces with like-minded people and create non-governmental organizations. Express your opposition against domestic violence openly.” – Natalia Fedorovych, Deputy Minister of Social Policy
© Yulia Dzhezheliy
9
PHILIPPINES
“There is a lot of stigma around sexual abuse in our society. Many do not report it because it’s taboo, and your and your family’s reputation suffers – not just your immediate family, but your extended family’s reputation suffers as well. This is why it’s an advocacy issue for me. Promoting awareness is critical.” – Dr. Nadhira Abdulcarim, Obstetrician-Gynaecologist
© UNFPA Philippines/Mario Villamor
10
TANZANIA
"When I was 13 years old, my parents told me I had to be cut. I begged them not to be cut, but they didn’t listen. I was afraid I would die like my friend Sabina. I tried to escape. I couldn’t. Since that day, I have been fighting to end female genital mutilation." – Rhobi Samwelly, Human Rights Activist & Founder of the Hope for Girls and Women Foundation
© UNFPA
11
BANGLADESH
“Since Bangladesh is a male-dominated society, there is still denial of official data that shows a high prevalence of violence against women. The majority of people see it as a private matter. People do not know it’s a public issue that violates human rights and has serious negative impacts on children, families and society. Speak up. Take action to bring the positive change.” – Mokhlesur Rahman, Additional Inspector General of Police, Bangladesh
© UNFPA Bangladesh
12
INDIA
“Popular culture plays an important role in perpetuating sexual harassment. Boys often use movie songs that promote stalking or that refer to girls as commodities to justify their behaviour and make obscene remarks. They feel that they are masculine only when they harass girls, but true masculinity is when they respect consent and understand that no means no.” – Sagina Sheikh, Community Advocate
© Anuja Gulati
13
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
“As a woman and a mother, I identify with the victims of sexual violence I serve in our protection department. As a police officer, I have witnessed the conflicts in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and have received cases of children and women who revolted. To those who want to help survivors of sexual violence, get to know the support services available to them. Break the silence.” – Chief Superintendent Françoise Munya Rugero, Deputy Director of the Civil Protection Police, Democratic Republic of the Congo
© UNFPA Democratic Republic of the Congo
14
ETHIOPIA
“The disadvantaged position of women and girls due to cultural barriers in our community is undermining their rights. Men still consider women as inferior, and we need to change this perception to address gender-based violence. As a social worker, I provide teaching that men and women are equal and I teach men not to discriminate against their wives and daughters.” – Belogn Mack, Social Worker
© UNFPA Ethiopia/Abraham Gelaw
15
PHILIPPINES
“When it comes to violence against women, we have a culture of silence. People try to forget the abuse and find ways to settle with survivors in whatever manner they want, whether it’s marriage or by payment. There are still a lot of unreported abuses, and it’s fulfilling when individuals come forward to seek help. I’m hopeful that this is just the beginning.” – Umme Kalsum Limbona, Social Worker
© UNFPA Philippines/Mario Villamor
16
PERU
“There are people who believe that rural and indigenous populations in Peru are archaic and tolerant to violence. Both justice and education officials have cultural biases that impact how they deal with cases. Many consider indigenous Amazonian cultures permissive of sexual violence, or they have a hypersexualized image of women from the Peruvian jungle. This is wrong. Communities have their own norms to address sexual violence. The State needs to recognize their notions of justice and build bridges with the local population to find a unique solution.” – Patricia Velarde, Ministry of Education, Peru
© UNFPA Peru/Priscilla Sánchez
AROUND THE WORLD
UNFPA works to further gender equality and women’s empowerment, and to address the physical and emotional consequences of gender-based violence. UNFPA's programmes offer psychosocial assistance, medical treatment and rape kits to survivors, and promote the right of all women and girls to live free of violence and abuse.
© UNFPA Nicaragua/Joaquín Zuñiga

Fecha de publicación

Dec 2015

Autor

UN Women, UNFPA, WHO, UNDP & UNODC

Recursos

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Las niñas y los niños con discapacidades están en gran parte excluidos de los servicios de educación y salud, son discriminados en sus comunidades y sujetos a un ciclo de pobreza y violencia. © UNFPA/Théodore Somda
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