Eritrea faces difficult climatic conditions and struggles with the impact of recurrent droughts. The country is also affected by flooding during the rainy season as well as other natural hazards such as desert locust infestation. As around 80% of Eritreans are dependent on subsistence agriculture for their livelihoods, these hazards have significantly increased vulnerabilities of most of the population. Food insecurity as well as lack of access to safe water, sanitation and health services present major concerns. UNFPA is working to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services for women and young people and supports health facilities that provide emergency obstetric care in Eritrea.

Ongoing armed conflict is driving humanitarian needs in the Northwest, Southwest and Far North regions of Cameroon. Violence against civilians and destruction of basic infrastructure, including health facilities and schools, are common and are fueling displacement. Access to and availability of basic social services, including sexual and reproductive health care and education, are severely limited in conflict-affected regions and many pregnant women do not have access to adequate maternal healthcare. Reports of gender-based violence have significantly increased since the start of the crisis. Additionally, heavy flooding thwarts people’s capacity to secure food supplies. UNFPA is responding to women's and adolescents' SRH needs and provides support to GBV survivors, including psychosocial support. UNFPA leads the GBV Sub-Cluster at the national level and in the Southwest and Northwest regions of Cameroon.

The humanitarian crisis in the Central African Republic is driven by protracted armed conflict, which has displaced hundreds of thousands of people. Access to basic services, including food, health care, water, hygiene and sanitation as well as protection services, is severely constrained. Together with partners, UNFPA is responding to the sexual and reproductive health needs of conflict-affected women, girls and young people, including through initiatives to strengthen the capacity of other humanitarian actors in this area. UNFPA also leads the GBV sub-cluster in the Central African Republic.

Chad is facing both conflict and cyclical natural disasters, and is one of the poorest countries in the world. Millions of people are food insecure and lack access to safe water, hygiene and sanitation facilities as well as health care. Chad ranks 187th out of 189 countries on the Gender Inequality Index; crisis-affected women and girls are highly vulnerable to discrimination and gender-based violence. Conflict-induced displacement exacerbates health and protection risks. UNFPA leads the GBV sub-cluster in Chad and is responding to the sexual and reproductive health needs of people affected by the crisis, thereby paying attention to the specific needs of adolescents and young people.

The 2015 Presidential elections, took place peacefully. However, the country still faces some challenges in peace building, national reconciliation, social cohesion, preparedness for floods, people to evict from classified forests, land tenure and intra community conflicts. UNFPA’s humanitarian interventions focus on providing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and the prevention of, and response to, gender based violence (GBV).